1. Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat, World Population Prospects: The 2004 Revision and World Urbanization Prospects: The 2005 Revision, p1
2. International Labour Office, A global alliance against forced labour, Report of the Director- General, Global Report under the Follow-up to the ILO Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work, 2005
3. International Labour Office, The end of child labour: Within reach, Global report under the follow-up to the ILO Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work 2006, Report I (B) 95 ILO, 2006
4. World Bank, (2007), Poverty Drops Below 1 Billion, says World Bank, Press Release 2007/159/DEC for World Development Indicators 2007
5. Chen, S. and M. Ravallion, (2004), How Have the World’s Poor Fared since the Early 1980s?, World Bank Research Observer, Vol 19, No 2, pp141-169
6. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Working Group 1, (2007), Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis - Fourth Assessment Report, Volume 1, Chapter 3, p237
7. Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, (2005), Ecosystems and Human Well-being: Synthesis, Island Press, Washington, D.C., p1
8. IATA, Annual Report 1997 and UK Press Briefing by Giovanni Bisignani, 18th January 2007
9. UNDP, (2006), Human Development Report, tables 7 and 10
10. World Bank, (2007), World Development Indicators 2007, p185
11. Tomorrow’s Company calculations from Fortune 500 data
12. Hawksworth, J., (2006), The World in 2050: How big will the emerging market economies get andhow can the OECD compete?, Pricewaterhouse Coopers, p40 www.pwc.com/world2050
13. Thomson Financial, cited in Hong Kong’s Capital Gains, Michael Schuman, Time, 29th January 2007, p47
14. Tomorrow's Company calculations
15. World Trade Organisation, (2006), International Trade Statistics, p3
16. UNCTAD, (2007), Key Issues for Expert Meeting on Development Implications of International Investment Rule Making, Geneva, June 2007, www.unctad.org
17. UNCTAD, (2006), World Investment Report 2006 FDI from Developing and Transition Economies: Implications for Development, Annex Table A.I.6 A multinational, or transnational, corporation is an enterprise that controls the assets of other entities in countries other than its home country, usually by owning an equity capital stake of 10% or more. Page 293 of the UNCTAD 2006 report provides further details.
18. Gabel, M. and Brunner, H., (2003), Global Inc. An Atlas of the Multinational Corporation, The New Press, New York, p8
19. Tomorrow's Company calculation from The 2006 Fortune Global 500 20. Fairtrade Labelling Organizations International, (2006), Annual Report
21. Porter, Michael E., and Kramer, Mark R., “Strategy & Society: The Link Between Competitive Advantage and Corporate Social Responsibility”, Harvard Business Review, December 2006
22. My Life and Work by Henry Ford in collaboration with Samuel Crowther, Heinemann, London, 1923, pp161-2
23. Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, (2005), Ecosystems and Human Well-being: Synthesis, Island Press, Washington, D.C., p6
24. As 23
25. Berz, G., (2001), Insuring against catastrophe, Our Planet, UNEP
26. Forrest, S., A. Ling, M. Lanstone and J. Waghorn, (2006), Global: Energy Enhanced energy ESG framework, Goldman Sachs, p11
27. Tomorrow’s Company calculations from LSE data
28. Lucier, C., P. Kocourek and R. Habbel, (2006), The Crest of the Wave, Strategy + Business, Issue 43
29. Graham, J. R., C. R. Harvey and S. Rajgopal, (2005), The economic implications of corporate financial reporting, NBER working paper number 10550
30. Interview with Tomorrow’s Company
31. Joint Venture: Silicon Valley Network, (2007), Index of Silicon Valley
32. U.S. data from Social Investment Forum, (2006), 2005 Report on Socially Responsible Investing Trends in the United States. European data from Eurosif, (2006), European SRI Study
33. Moran, M.A., A.J. Cohen, K. Shaustyuk and N. Swem, (2005), Environmental Portfolio Strategy, Goldman Sachs
34. www.unpri.org
35. www.globalreporting.org
36. www.icmm.com
37. Novo Nordisk provide a short history of how their reporting has evolved at http://annualreport.novonordisk.com/how-weare-accountable/reporting-strategy.asp
38. Article 116, Loi 2001-420 dated 15th May 2001 concerning the new economic regulations
39. SustainAbility, (2006), Tomorrow’s Value The Global Reporters 2006 Survey of Corporate Sustainability Reporting
40. Dorow, W. and S. Blazejewski, (2004), Managing Differing Cultures in Multinational Companies: In Search of Integration - Results from Interviews in Japan, Europe and the United States. In: L. Mohn: A Cultural Forum, Corporate Cultures in Global Interaction - Experiences in Business, Bertelsmann Stiftung, Gütersloh
41. As part of this inquiry Tomorrow’s Company produced a separate publication, Corporate purpose and values – time for a rethink, which examines the nature and impact of corporate values.
42. Schwartz, M. S., (2005), Universal Moral Values for Corporate Code of Ethics, Journal of Business Ethics, pp27-44
43. Kung, H., speech to 11th International Anti- Corruption Conference, Transparency International, Seoul, May 2003, reported at http://www.transparency.no/article.php?id=53&p=
44. A library of links to company policy statements can be found at http://www.businesshumanrights.org/Documents/Policies.
45. Presentation by Mark Moody-Stuart, Chairman, Anglo American plc, to the UN Secretary General's Special Representative on Human Rights and Business (John Ruggie) consultation on Human Rights and the Extractive Industries, Geneva, 10 November 2005
46. FitzGerald, N. and M. Cormack, (September 2006), The Role of Business in Society: An Agenda for Action, The Conference Board, Harvard University and IBLF, p16
47. Azer, A., (2004), Talismanized, Corporate Knights, Vol 2, No 4, pp14-16 48. Bengtsson, H., (2004), Ikea Refuses to Pay Bribes to Open Russian Shopping Center, The Epoch Times, 20th December 2004
49. www.cites.org
50. www.wto.org
51. Interview with Tomorrow’s Company
52. United Nations Global Compact, (2006), 335 Companies Delisted as Part of Quality Drive, press release dated 2nd October 2006
53. www.equator-principles.com
54. Voluntary Principles on Security and Human Rights Secretariat
55. www.blihr.org
56. www.kimberleyprocess.com
57. www.eitransparency.org
58. www.iso.org
59. The project will conclude by presenting a plan to policy makers and other stakeholders for reaching the outcomes. The project is an initiative of the World Business Council for Sustainable Development, www.wbcsd.org.
60. For an extensive discussion of the Nike case and its different stages of organisational learning see Simon Zadek, The Paths to Corporate Responsibility, Harvard Business Review, December 2004.
61. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Working Group 2, (2007), Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability – Summary for Policymakers, p8
62. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Working Group 1, (2007), Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis - Fourth Assessment Report, Volume 1, Chapter 3, p237
63. The EU-25 indicative target is for 21% of energy to be from renewable sources by 2010. Renewable energy accounted for 13.7% of EU-25 consumption in 2004. EEA: Indicators – Renewable electricity (CSI 031) - Assessment published March 2007, http://themes.eea.europa.eu/IMS/ISpecs/ISpecification20041007132211/IAssessment1171980665024/view_content, May 2007
64. United States Climate Action Partnership, (2007),A Call for Action, p2
65. Corporate Leaders Group on Climate Change,Letter to the Prime Minister, 27th May 2005
66. See the Global Wind 2006 Report from the Global Wind Energy Council for details, www.gwec.net.
67. Innovest Strategic Value Advisors, (2003), Carbon Disclosure Project 1st report and (2006), CarbonDisclosure Project 4th report
68. Elkington, J., (2001), The Chrysalis Economy: How Citizen CEOS and Corporations Can Fuse Values and Value Creation, Capstone Publishing, 1841121428
69. Alan L. Bain, President American-Scottish Foundation Inc. Speech: Presentation of the Wallace Award to Euan Baird, given at the American-Scottish Foundation 50th Anniversary & Wallace Award Gala Dinner, 23rd October 2006
70. Personal communication with Julio Moura
71. Interview with Tomorrow’s Company
72. Schwartz, P., Chairman of the Global Business Network, Speech to the State University of New York's Levin Institute conference on the Evolving Global Talent Pool, June 2005
73. Interview with Tomorrow’s Company
74. CyberMedia India Online Ltd., (2006), Leading Infosys 2
75. Hopper J., and S. Balakrishnan, (2003), Dr Reddy’s Laboratories (DRL) Limited, London Business School