This article, by James Palmer and Prof. Michael Mainelli and part of the London Accord, is intended to provide an illustration of the application of portfolio modelling to climate change investment. For more information go to www.london-accord.co.uk

In order for the true cost of carbon to be represented in the market, its effects on the environment must be captured like any other externality, and subject to the same laws of supply and demand, setting a dynamic price of emissions in business.This article by the Z/Yen Group examines the two primary market mechanisms available – cap-and-trade schemes, and carbon tax. For more information go to www.london-accord.co.uk

The Road to London, by Prof. Michael Mainelli and Jan-Peter Onstwedder, tells the story of how the London Accord came to be, from its origin in the autumn of 2005 to its publication in December 2007, tracing the individuals and the external factors that shaped it. For more information go to www.london-accord.co.uk

Higher levels of trust in business are known to reduce costs and improve business performance. This paper proposes a framework to help organizations monitor the efficiency of their business practices for indicating trustworthiness to stakeholder groups.  In Part I various trust indicators for customers are examined. Part II, contained in a separate document, examines trust indicators for investors.  New trust concepts are introduced and a novel framework is proposed for classifying conditions that indicate trust (such as the presence of name-brand products, organizational transparency, and warranties).  Examples are used to demonstrate various ways in which the framework can be applied to measure trust indicators for customers.

The paper proposes a framework to help organizations monitor levels of trust for different stakeholder groups.  Part I, contained in a separate document, examined various trust indicators to measure the relative presence or absence of trust, and the nature of that trust, in typical commercial relationships.  It also introduced new trust concepts and proposed a novel framework for classifying conditions that indicate trust.  Part II builds on these foundations and examines trust indicators for investors.  Examples are used to demonstrate various ways the framework can be applied to measure trust indicators for investors with distinct needs.